How does CFIT typically occur?

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) typically occurs when a fully functioning aircraft is flown unintentionally into the ground, water, or an obstacle. This situation often arises when the pilot is unaware of the aircraft's position relative to the terrain, which may happen even in good weather or with a healthy aircraft. Factors contributing to CFIT include poor situational awareness, a lack of visual references, or distractions that prevent the pilot from recognizing the approach to the terrain.

This phenomenon highlights the importance of maintaining situational awareness, effective use of navigation aids, and adherence to proper flight planning procedures. Pilots are trained to continuously monitor their altitude, airspeed, and proximity to terrain, emphasizing that an aircraft can be operationally sound yet still be involved in a CFIT incident due to misjudgment or oversight regarding altitude and flight path.