How is load factor defined in aviation?

Load factor in aviation is defined as the lift generated by the wings divided by the total weight of the airplane. This concept is essential for understanding how well an aircraft can perform maneuvering and maintaining altitude during flight.

When an aircraft is in straight and level flight, the load factor is equal to 1, which means that the lift generated by the wings is equal to the weight of the aircraft. However, during maneuvers such as turns, climbs, or descents, the load factor increases or decreases. For example, during a turn, the aircraft must generate more lift to counteract the increased weight experienced due to the turn, which results in a load factor greater than 1.

This definition helps pilots understand the stresses on the aircraft's structure and the performance characteristics necessary for safe flight operations. It has implications for stall speeds and overall aircraft control, making it a critical concept in flight training and operations. Understanding load factor allows pilots to make informed decisions regarding aircraft performance limitations in various flight conditions.