What does the term payload refer to in aviation?

The term payload in aviation specifically refers to the weight that an aircraft can carry in addition to its operational structure. This includes the weight of passengers, baggage, cargo, and any other items intended to be transported, but it does not include the weight of the aircraft itself or its usable fuel. Thus, when the usable fuel weight is deducted from the overall weight, what remains constitutes the payload.

Understanding this concept is crucial for flight planning and weight and balance calculations, as it directly influences the performance of the aircraft, including factors such as fuel efficiency, takeoff distance, and overall safety during flight. Effective management of payload also ensures compliance with regulatory weight limits, enhancing operational safety.