What is the primary function of the flaps on an aircraft?

The primary function of the flaps on an aircraft is to increase both lift and drag during landing. When the flaps are extended, they change the airfoil shape of the wing, allowing the aircraft to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly important during landing when aircraft are typically operating at reduced speeds and need to maintain lift while descending.

Additionally, by increasing drag, flaps allow the aircraft to descend more steeply without increasing airspeed, which is crucial for controlled landings on shorter runways or in certain weather conditions. The extra drag created by the flaps helps to slow the aircraft down, making it easier to approach and land safely.

While other components of flight, such as fuel consumption and stability in turbulent conditions, are essential considerations, they are not the primary functions of flaps. Flaps are specifically designed to enhance the lift and drag characteristics of the wing during critical phases of flight, especially on approach and landing.